Plato and Aristotle were quite unaware of the ways in which the phonetic alphabet had created a new primacy of visual or Euclidean space. They imagined that their sudden preference for connectedness of analytic reasoning and clarification had arisen from their own conceptual activities merely. Eric Havelock's Preface to Plato records the sudden revulsion against the bardic modes of education with the coming of phonetic literacy. Today we have returned to the bardic tradition through the universal use of the sum word both in ads and entertainment. In fact, the poets had fervently moved in this direction from Blake, Words-worth, and Coleridge, forward. The poets merely preferred the bardic to the more ludicrous extremes of mechanism that had been perceived by Swift and Pope. The Dunciad is a dismissal of the crushing impact of an excess of printed matter on the human intellect.