…let me report two major breakthroughs which I have written about in a short essay on Causality for Melvin Kransberg. The essay has created a peculiar problem for Kransberg, by the way. Perhaps you can help here, too. He sent it out to several of his editors and friends for comments by way of creating a symposium…. The theme of our essay on Causality [written with Barrington Nevitt] is quite simply that effects precede causes. Except to the visually lineal man of hardware industrial background, this proposition is self evident, but it happens to be true of any form of hardware as well as more cultural things. The effects of the telephone became environmentally felt long before the instrument of the telephone was invented and this is equally true of the steam engine and the motor car and the airplane.