Even before the telegraph speed-up, the newspaper of the nineteenth century had moved a long way toward a mosaic form. Rotary steam presses came into use decades before electricity, but typesetting by hand remained more satisfactory than any mechanical means until the development of linotype about 1890. W i t h linotype, the press could adjust its form more fully to the news-gathering of the telegraph and the news-printing of the rotary presses. I t is typical and significant that the linotype answer to the long-standing slowness of typesetting did not come from those directly engaged w i t h the problem. Fortunes had been vainly spent on typesetting machines before James Clephane, seeking a fast way of writing out and duplicating shorthand notes, found a way to combine the typewriter and the typesetter. I t was the typewriter that solved the utterly different typesetting problem. Today the publishing of book and newspaper both depends on the typewriter.